List of Figures available in slide show above

The figures in this section of this website show the diagrams that were produced by the copyright holder during the preparation of ISO 19223 and IEC 11073-10101a with the purpose of illustrating the underlying concepts that were being developed.  The intention was to provide pictorial representations to help the committees visualise not only the function but also the boundaries of, and the relationship between, these concepts during their development. They proved to be such an effective introduction that the ISO/TC 121 Subcommittee 4 decided, with the permission of the copyright holder, that they should be included as an informative part of the published standard.

The committee wished to encourage the use of these figures, wherever appropriate, for the teaching and dissemination of the terminology of ISO 19223 and to make this possible all the figures in this section are Copyright © 2018 Norman S. Jones under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.  This permits their unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Figure B.1 — Diagrammatic representation of the concepts of the relationship between breath- and inflation-related terms in the vocabulary of this document     

Figure C.1 — Representative ventilation-patterns and inflation-types illustrating the format used in the figures in this annex and Annex F        

Figure C.2 (1 of 7) — The inspiratory and expiratory phases of an unassisted breath, taken with the airway pressure maintained at a set CPAP level     

Figure C.3 (2 of 7) — The inflation and expiratory phases of a patient-triggered, pressure-control (PC) inflation  

Figure C.4 (3 of 7) — The inflation and expiratory phases of a ventilator-initiated, pressure-control (PC) inflation  

Figure C.5 (4 of 7) — The inflation and expiratory phases of a ventilator-initiated, pressure-control (PC) inflation, time-terminated before the cessation of inspiratory flow   

Figure C.6 (5 of 7) — The inflation and expiratory phases of a patient-triggered, pressure-support (PS) inflation 

Figure C.7 (6 of 7) — The inflation and expiratory phases of a patient-triggered, volume-control (VC) inflation    

Figure C.8 (7 of 7) — The inflation and expiratory phases of a ventilator-initiated, pressure-control (PC) inflation with end-expiratory flow      

Figure C.9 (1 of 5) — Illustrations of the application of defined ventilation terms in designating key features of typical inflation waveforms  

Figure C.10 (2 of 5) — Illustrations of the application of defined ventilation terms in designating key features of typical inflation waveforms  

Figure C.11 (3 of 5) — Illustrations of the application of ventilation terms in designating key features of typical inflation waveforms  

Figure C.12 (4 of 5) —Illustrations of the application of ventilation terms in designating key features of typical inflation waveforms  

Figure C.13 (5 of 5) — Illustrations of the application of ventilation terms in designating key features of typical inflation waveforms  

Figure C.14 (1 of 8) — Ventilation-patterns: Key to Figures C.15 to C.21        

Figure C.15 (2 of 8) — Ventilation-patterns: diagrammatic illustrations of the function of the CMV-pattern in the initiation of inflations, with pressure-control (PC) as the selected inflation-type          

Figure C.16 (3 of 8) — Ventilation-patterns: diagrammatic illustrations of the function of the CMV-pattern in the initiation of inflations, with volume-control (VC) as the selected inflation-type          

Figure C.17 (4 of 8) — Ventilation patterns: diagrammatic illustrations of the function of the assist/control (A/C) ventilation-pattern in the initiation of inflations

Figure C.18 (5 of 8) — Ventilation patterns: diagrammatic illustrations of the function of the IMV-pattern in the initiation of inflations           

Figure C.19 (6 of 8) — Ventilation patterns: diagrammatic illustrations of the function of the SIMV-pattern in the initiation of inflations           

Figure C. 20 (7 of 8) — Ventilation patterns: diagrammatic illustrations of the function of the S/T ventilation-pattern in the initiation of inflations     

Figure C. 21 (8 of 8) — Ventilation patterns: diagrammatic illustrations of the function of the CSV-pattern in the initiation of inflations

Figure C.22 (1 of 8) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for a CMV-PC ventilation-mode

Figure C.23 (2 of 8) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for a CMV-VC <ACAPL> ventilation-mode   

Figure C.24 (3 of 8) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for a CMV-PC <ACAP> ventilation-mode, set with extended phase times 

Figure C.25 (4 of 8) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for a CMV-PC <ACAP> ventilation-mode, set with an extreme inverse I:E ratio

Figure C.26 (5 of 8) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for an A/C-PC ventilation-mode

Figure C.27 (6 of 8) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for an A/C–VC ventilation-mode   

Figure C.28 (7 of 8) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for an A/C–PC <ACAP> ventilation-mode   

Figure C.29 (8 of 8) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for an SIMV-PC\PS ventilation-mode   

Figure C.31 (1 of 4) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for variations on an SIMV-PC\PS\PS <ACAP> ventilation-mode, with typical settings for a bi-level AV mode

Figure C.31 (2 of 4) — Typical airway-pressure and flow waveforms for variations on an IMV-PC\PS\PS <ACAP> ventilation-mode,  with typical APRV settings

Figure C.32 (3 of 4) — Typical airway pressure and flow waveforms for variations on an IMV-PC\PS\PS <ACAP> ventilation-mode, with a PC{S} assured inflation-type, both support-pressures set to zero and optionally labelled as intended for APRV (airway pressure release ventilation)

Figure C.33 (4 of 4) — Typical airway pressure and flow waveforms for variations on an SIMV-PC\PS\PS <ACAP> mode, with a PC{S} assured inflation-type and optionally labelled as a bi-level AV mode

Figure C.34 — Typical airway pressure and flow waveforms for a CSV-PS ventilation-mode

Figure C.35 — Characteristics of a concurrent breath

Figure F.1— Illustration of the application of BAP and PEEP terminology – typical ideal expiratory-airway-pressure waveforms with no auto-PEEP          

Figure F.2 — Illustration of the application of BAP and PEEP terminology -typical expiratory-airway-pressure waveforms with an impaired lung

Figure F.3 — Illustration of the application of BAP and PEEP terminology – typical expiratory-airway-pressure waveforms with an impaired lung but with an expiratory-control algorithm programmed to enhance initial evacuation of the gas in the upper airways by increasing the initial pressure differential.

Figure F.4 — Illustration of the application of BAP and PEEP terminology – typical expiratory-airway-pressure waveforms on a ventilator with inadequate set expiratory time or excessive expiratory-limb resistance  (e.g., due to kinked tube or increased resistance filter)

Figure F.5 — The BAP phase

Figure F.6 – Illustrations of the function of the expiratory-control algorithm on ventilators with an ACAPL adjunct (or an equivalent function) during BAP phases      

Figure F.7 — Illustrations of the function of the expiratory-control algorithm on ventilators with an ACAP adjunct (or an equivalent function)